Some Context (yes I’m in the UK)

Hello, it's good you have taken the time to think about your situation and write it down.
You seem quite clear, but I don't know how long it has taken you to write this or how hard it was.

It's good that you want to change things for the better and recognise the issues. This means you have not given up.

Knowing what to do and what is normal is not easy if you don't have role models.

I don't know if you have considered the double empathy problem and whether all these people may really be insincere, but it's quite possible they are and/or that your profile is attracting the wrong people. I'm not sure that dating apps are necessarily filled with the best people, or people who are really single, so they won't commit or offer emotional support.

Understanding certain things is solvable. People can help you with that. Take it one step at a time and try to break it down into small bite-size pieces.
Activities will depend on what they are and whether you can build up in steps from some something simple to build confidence, and start to view going out as something where good things will happen, rather than fearing the bad things. Although I don't know if you live in an area where you feel safe to go out.

What interests do you have? You have done some college courses.
I assume this shows you have the ability to get to college and back and to meet people (assuming it was not all online).
Is there more you could do? Is there something that might help with a job, is there something you could do part time or some voluntary stuff?

Going on holiday alone is not easy, I haven't been any where for 10 years (something I need to change), but you could try a night or two away in the UK first. A break does not have to involve a plane and a passport, just a change of scenery, a bed and a meal, a bath and a movie or book.
I don't how constrained you are by money or transport.

If there are things you want to do, is there a way to do these via a club or group, that way you would not be alone but do not have to have a boyfriend? E.g. an art group might organise a trip to a gallery. 

Talking online is not as good as in person, but it is a way to start in an unpressured environment and to get some ideas.

You said your quality of life is abysmal
Be careful not to catastrophise and generalize, e.g. is everything really terrible, when some things may be OK, perhaps you have a nice garden, perhaps you have a nice view, maybe at least 1 neighbour is not too terrible, maybe it is quiet at night so you can sleep, maybe you bake the odd cake and the cooker is good, maybe the bathroom is nice or your building is secure. Being secure and safe is worth a lot.

What do you think is most holding you back at the moment?

I’ll answer more at some point, but for example, I don’t drive at all, I won’t get on a train alone; I won’t even go into a shop for food unless it’s all self service. I mostly get shopping online. When I describe things as “abysmal” I mean it’s extremely ostracising, lonely and isolating. For instance, let’s take Maslow’s hierarchy of needs, I’m at basic needs and no higher; even at my age.

The last person I was seeing lives around the corner from me, knows I’m without family and extremely lonely etc, he claimed to care about me but as soon as I said I couldn’t take his abuse anymore and I’d rather try to be friends because he and I have our own issues, he discarded of me. He is 39 and lives with his sister and is extremely dependent on his family although he has a good job etc. Anyone I meet just doesn’t fully comprehend or care about my situation. It’s also lonely because my circumstances are quite unorthodox compared to most people’s. It’s very difficult trying to make people understand; they just judge me or presume things. 

As for courses, they have been once a week when I have completed them; I hardly get talking to anyone, people keep their distance even when I’ve attempted to make an effort. It’s not enough to be physically in the presence of people; when there’s no real connection, I may as well be banging my head against a brick wall. I’m actually really articulate and pretty intelligent (not in a vastly academic way, but I can be engaging, knowledgeable about some things and funny.) I’m not completely unfortunate, nor am I hideous to look at. 

Examples of stuff I’m interested in doing with a friend or partner: Ice skating, Salsa dancing, Bouldering, Museum/Art gallery visits, Meals out, Cinema, Theatre, Zoo visits, Holidays together, Nice walks, Concerts, Making meals together, Watching films together on the sofa, Beach visits…I absolutely love concerts and have been to quite a few, but only when I had someone to go with. I wanted to see NIN this year and my last ex got tickets, but then refused to go with me even as friends when we split up. He’s an a**hole. 

There are some good points there:
You can go out (you don't get all food online)
You can go into a shop, as long as you don't need to interact with the staff (to be honest you don't need to interact much anyway, just hello and than thanks when you pay)
You can buy stuff, so you might be able to into other stores (e.g. bookshop, which are quiet)
If you could do a quiet bookshop, you might be able to get a coffee, my Waterstones has a coffee shop upstairs
You can manage to meet new people at the courses, so it is possible, albeit in a quiet environment
You can manage to talk to them and you have made an effort.

You can do a lot of the things needed.
You are living independently, are safe and secure.

It is easy to tell yourself you can't do things (I have done this) when actually you could, you just need to be well rested and prepared, have other stresses out of the way so you are not overloaded, and screw up your courage. Doesn't make it easy though and first time is the hardest, but you can allow yourself a reward at the end.

Are the courses at the right level where you are likely to meet similar people? Are you selling yourself short?
Just because there is no-one there with the same level of interest or knowledge does not mean it is you.
You just need to meet the right people. Where I live there are few people I can really talk to as I have nothing in common with most of them.

It is where work is often the way for most people to get some intellectual stimulation and interaction. Are you sure there is nothing you could do part time?

You are clearly quite self aware and obviously articulate.
I appreciate your frustration which is why I wondered what you think the biggest thing holding you back is.
You could then challenge it and look to see how you could chip away at it.

Do you want to interact with one person, your partner, or interact more broadly? Be aware that if you end up relying on a partner to help you, they will need to push you to help you develop, else you will become dependent, which you will then resent or will be vulnerable.

The person you were seeing does not sound right for you. Why should there be any abuse, even from day 1? You don't need to take any. You need to be clear how you want to be treated. If you think you are not worth much, you will end up being treated as if you are not worth much. Have you set the bar too low?

Seems to me your position is not lost, you just need some help to build some confidence and try some new things.
Are there some small goals you could set to give you something to work towards?

I want to do certain courses for example, but they’re weekly; I can’t really say to a tutor “can I opt out for half a month whilst I nurse my uterus.” I seriously may as well hang myself. 

I want to do certain courses for example, but they’re weekly; I can’t really say to a tutor “can I opt out for half a month whilst I nurse my uterus.” I seriously may as well hang myself.